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Lesson 3 of 3

The power bill
is the expensive one.

Insulation is priced by the square foot on one day and paid for by the month for as long as the house stands. The bid shows the first number. This page is about the second one, and it is written for the person paying the utility bill as much as the person hanging the batts. It uses your numbers, not ours.

An installer pressing a stone wool batt into an interior wall with bags of Safe'n'Sound stacked beside the framing
The last day anyone sees it. After the drywall, the insulation is paid for and starts paying back. ROCKWOOL Safe'n'Sound technical data sheet.
The math the bid leaves out

Three things the insulation line never shows.

The bill. Heating and cooling is the biggest line on most Tennessee power bills, and the envelope is what sets it. A wall at the state floor and a wall at the model code both pass; they do not run the furnace the same number of hours. That difference lands in the mailbox every month, for the life of the house, and it is not on the bid.

The install. A Grade I install and a stuffed-and-closed install can use the identical bag. Owens Corning's own footnote says a 6-1/4 inch R-19 batt is an R-18 in a 5-1/2 inch cavity; a rater will tell you a compressed, gapped batt is worth a good deal less than that. The bid shows the bag. It does not show what the bag was worth after the crew left, unless someone graded it.

The second chance that never comes. Siding gets redone. Roofs get replaced. The wall insulation is behind drywall from the day the house is finished, and the only way back to it is a remodel. Whatever went into the cavity is what the house has. The attic is the exception, and the loose-fill chart on the bag prices the top-up in bags per thousand square feet, which is why the ceiling is the easiest place in the house to go past code.

The question is not which package is cheaper on the bid. It is which one costs less once the bill is in the math.

How to use this page

Bring two quotes and one bill. We do not put prices on the site.

Get two installed quotes for the insulation package on your house: the one you are being told to buy, and the one you would rather have (say, a model-code wall with an R-49 attic, mineral wool partitions, a sealed rim joist, and a blower door test). Enter both totals. Enter what you expect to spend on heating and cooling in a year; on an existing house that is on the bill, on a new house the rater can estimate it. Enter how long you expect to own the house.

Then the number we will not make up for you: the percent less energy the better package uses. Get it from an energy model of your house. A HERS rater, a Manual J load calculation, or a REScheck comparison run both packages and report the difference. Enter that percent. If you do not have it yet, leave it blank and the calculator will tell you the percent that would make the two packages even over your hold, which is a good question to bring to the rater.

The calculator charges the bill every year of the hold, credits the better package its saving every year, and shows what each package costs in total over the hold, the simple payback in years, and the break-even percent. It does not know which materials you are comparing. It only knows arithmetic, and it does not escalate the utility rate; if you believe rates go up, the real answer is better than the one shown.

What the makers publish

Facts to start from, not to stop at.

Fiberglass: Owens Corning says its batts will not settle or slump in a wall cavity; the R-value on the bag holds for the life of the wall if the install does. Loose fill in an attic is priced by the bag and the chart on the bag says how many for each R.

Mineral wool: ROCKWOOL publishes 0/0 on the fire test and NRC 1.25 on the sound test for the 6-inch interior batt. Those are not on the power bill; they are on the quiet and on the fire.

Foam board: Owens Corning's limited lifetime warranty on FOAMULAR maintains 90 percent of its R-value, and the sheet publishes 0.3 percent water absorption, which is what lets it work below grade and at the rim joist for the life of the foundation.

Drywall: USG and Gold Bond both publish 5/8 Type X at about 2.2 pounds a square foot to ASTM C1396. On the garage ceiling it is the code. Elsewhere it is a stiffer, quieter ceiling for a few cents more a foot.

None of them publishes an energy savings number for your house, and neither do we. The rater does.

Cost Over Time

Two packages, one house, your bill.

Nothing you type here is sent anywhere. It runs in your browser.

The house

Package A (the cheaper quote)

Package B (the better quote)

The percent is the one number we will not supply. Ask your HERS rater or energy modeler for the modeled difference in heating and cooling energy between the two packages (a Manual J, REScheck, or HERS comparison). Leave it blank and the calculator shows the break-even percent instead.

Over 15 years, 2,000 square feet

Package A, day one
Package A, heating and cooling over the hold
Package A, cost over the hold
Package B, day one
Package B, heating and cooling over the hold
Package B, cost over the hold
Difference on the bid
Saving per year with B
Simple payback on the extra cost
Break-even percent over the hold
Difference over the hold

Fill in both quotes and a yearly heating and cooling cost to see the comparison.

Cost over the hold = the installed quote, plus the heating and cooling bill every year of the hold, with Package B's bill reduced by the percent you entered. Break-even percent = the extra cost of B divided by the total bill over the hold. Utility rate escalation, interest, and resale credit are left out; they all favor the better envelope, and you can add them yourself.

Before You Price Insulation

Know what is in the wall.

Three short reads on insulation and drywall. Written for the builder who has to answer to the money, and for the money.

Frequently Asked

Insulation cost over time, answered.

How much will better insulation save on my power bill?
We do not know, and anyone who tells you a number without looking at your house is guessing. The saving depends on the house and its equipment, on how leaky the envelope is, and on how you live in it. What you can get is a real number for your house: a HERS rater or an energy modeler runs the plans through software (a Manual J load calculation, a REScheck report, or a HERS rating) and compares two insulation packages. Ask the rater for the percent difference in modeled heating and cooling energy between the two. Put that number in the calculator below. Do not put in ours, because we are not giving one.
Why does insulation pay back differently than other upgrades?
Because it never wears out and never needs a service call. Fiberglass and mineral wool do not settle or slump in a wall; Owens Corning says so on the data sheet and ROCKWOOL builds the batt to spring against the studs and stay. Owens Corning's limited lifetime warranty on FOAMULAR maintains 90 percent of its R-value. A better envelope also lets the HVAC contractor size a smaller system, which is a one-time saving on day one, and it runs that system fewer hours every year after. A window or a roof gets replaced; insulation gets paid for once, behind drywall, and then collects every month for as long as the house stands.
What does the drywall have to do with the power bill?
The drywall is the air barrier on the inside of the wall, and the energy code counts on it. Every hole in it, whether at a recessed can or a box or a top plate or the attic hatch, is a hole in the envelope. The IECC's air-barrier table asks for those sealed. A careful drywall job and a sealed hatch cost a little; a leaky ceiling costs every winter. And on the day it matters most, the 5/8 Type X on the garage ceiling is what holds a fire in the garage long enough to get everyone out. That one is not on the power bill. It is on a different bill entirely.
Is it worth insulating past what the code requires?
The code table is a floor, and in Tennessee the amended floor for zone 4 is lower than the model code: R-13 walls and R-38 ceilings against the model code's R-20 walls and R-49 ceilings. Going from the floor to the model level is usually a few more inches of the same material in the same cavity while the wall is open. The ceiling in particular is cheap to add to: the loose-fill chart on the bag prices it in bags per thousand square feet. The calculator does not decide this for you. It shows what the difference between two quotes costs over your hold once the bill is in the math, and it lets you find the percent saving that makes the two even.

Stop By the Desk

Let’s talk it through in person.

Bring your plans or just your questions. We’ll get you squared away.
119 Cumberland St, Ashland City. The coffee’s on.

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